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Gaelic blog

Chronicling my experiences as a learner of Scots Gaelic, including various language tidbits and curiosities that might be of interest to other learners, or just to anyone interested in languages. If I make any linguistic mistakes, don't hesitate to correct me...

Sunday, July 17, 2005

Tìoraidh an-dràsta SMO

Having spent the last week at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on a level 3 summer course, I'm finally for the off to get some proper holiday in, walking in the hills (fog and rain permitting). I originally booked myself in for the level 4 course, but couldn't do so because I couldn't get my pussycat into the local cattery for then (sigh). So level 3 it was, which was partly new stuff that I'd not yet learned on An Cùrsa Inntrigidh, and partly revision. It was a little slow for my liking, but the tutor - the extravert and idiosyncratic Muriel Fisher, who lives and teaches Gaelic in Arizona (!) and has quite a thing for soft toys as teaching aids (!!) - was trying to make it fun, and of course keep a disparate group together. By next year, though, I'll have gone through two more Earannan on ACI and will be taking a summer course at a far higher level (unless I've had it off on the lottery, in which case I'll move up here and take the degree!).

This last week there've been courses in levels 1, 3, 5 and 7, and the mix of folk on them is quite amazing. There are a good few Scots, as you'd figure, but there were an awful lot of English accents, including mine, some Sasannaich living in Scotland, some in England, one from as far south as Bristol. There were a couple of Welsh folk, which isn't unexpected given that Welsh is also a Celtic language, albeit on a different branch from Irish and Scots Gaelic, but surprisingly there were a few Yanks. In my group there was a young woman, Joanne, from Minneapolis, over here for two months to learn Gaelic as part of her PhD in Theatre Studies or somesuch. Even though she'd got State funding for this, I'm still impressed that she'd come all this way. She, though, is positively a tourist compared to Megan, another young woman who studied Gaelic for two years in Colorado (strange enough in itself), then sold up her house and moved to Skye to take the full degree course here, and aims to become a teacher of Gaelic in primary schools - now that's what I call dedication to the Gaelic cause.

It would be an interesting research project for someone at SMO with time on their hands, to collate the reasons SMO students - full- or part-time, short course, distance course - students have for learning the lingo. Some will be obvious - Scots natives learning their 'mother tongue' [1], exiles rediscovering their ancestral roots, linguaphiles looking for a new challenge - but some, such as Joanne's, will be completely unexpected.

Anyway, for all that the distance learning course is good, there's absolutely nothing to beat face to face tuition of a language, particularly one as strange, to English native speakers, as Gaelic. It forces you to listen and speak in real time, and although stressful at first this builds up your confidence immensely. I certainly look forward to the next F2F session up here, which will be the distance course summer school in November.

Notes

[1] A linguist I know told me that the real mother tongue of the Scots was Pictish, but this was supplanted by Irish invaders who brought old Irish with them, which then mutated into Scots Gaelic. He says he has much fun ribbing the more nationalistic Scots about Gaelic being a colonial language ;-). See the Wikipedia entry on Scots Gaelic for its history.

Saturday, July 16, 2005

Things that are on you

One of the key features of Gaelic, and which I learnt early on, is that 'prepositional pronouns' play a huge part in the language. These include aig (at), ann (on), le (with), and ri (with) to mention but a few of the most widely-used. They're essential in forming what could be called 'faux verbs', such as:

'S e dotair a th'innte: she is a doctor (lit: there's a doctor in her)
Tha nighean agam: I have a daughter (lit: there's a daughter at me)
'S toil leatha a bhith a' cluiche ball-coise: She likes to play football (lit: there's a wish with her to be playing football)

This can take quite a bit of getting your head around, if you're an English speaker - it requires adopting a completely different mental map of the language. As English speakers, we're used to using 'active' constructions, such as "I like that" and "He has a hamster", and you literally have to think in a different way to internalise the more 'passive' and roundabout Gaelic ways of saying the same things.

What can help is to know which prepositional pronouns are used with which nouns. Our teacher in last week's summer course kindly gave us a select list of things that are 'on you', which is worth remembering. These are some of the things, feelings, and concepts that use 'air':

am pathadh (thirst): tha am pathad orm - tha mi ag iarraidh pinnt (I'm hungry - I want a pint)
an t-acras (hunger): A bheil thu an t-acras ort?
an t-eagal (fear): Tha an t-eagal orra. (She's afraid.) [1]
an fhearg (anger): Nach bi an fhearg air? (Won't he be angry?.)
an cnatan (a cold): Bha an cnatan orm. (I had a cold.)
am fuachd (the cold): Tha am fuachd oirre. (They're cold.)
an naire (shame): Nach eil sibh fuachd oirbh? (Aren't youse ashamed?)
an t-ainm (name): Dè an t-ainm a th'ort? (What's your name?)
càil (thing, mood): Dè tha càil ceàrr air? (What's wrong with him?) [2]
am falt (hair): Tha falt bàn oirre. (She has fair hair.)

Of course, there are plenty of other things, some of which are obvious, such as clothes (tha aodach ùr oirnn - we're wearing new clothes), some not so (a bheil cabhag ort? - are you in a hurry?).

Links

Prepositional pronouns. A simple table of common PPs and their 'persons', on a website created by high school students in the USA.

Notes

[1] Use 'an t-eagal' (the fear) to say that someone is afraid of something. The single word 'eagal' is used for regret, "I'm afraid that...", eg Tha eagal orm nach eil Ealasaid an seo (I'm afraid that Elizabeth isn't here).
[2] Càil is another word for thing, which could also be 'rud' (pl: rudan). The dictionary has càil as also referring to mood and disposition, but it can be used in non-moody contexts, eg "Bu toil leat càil eile?".

Wednesday, July 13, 2005

Liking and agreeing

One of the many verbs that are standard in other European languages, but missing in the Gaelic, is "to like". In the present and conditional tenses, Gaelic uses what I think is a lovely expression:
'S toil le xxx yyy

where xxx is the person or thing doing the liking, and yyy the thing or person or verb being liked. So, for instance:

'S toil leam biadh teth: I like hot food
'S toil leotha snàmh: they like swimming
Cha toil leatha caorich: she doesn't like sheep
Bu toil leam pinnt: I'd like a pint

And so on. I love the construction, which in English literally translates as:

"there's a wish with xxx for yyy"

Since learning this, though, I've wondered how you say "I liked to swim", or "I will like to learn Gaelic". The verb "Is" (abbreviated as 'S) only operates in the present (as far as I know, at this early stage in my learning). If you've a construction with 'S that requires the past then the time indicator goes elsewhere, eg:

'S e croitear a bh'ann: he was a crofter

But how on earth do you put "'S toil leam snàmh" into the past or future? It turns out, as we were taught today*, that you don't, and instead you use a proper verb to express liking in other tenses. The verb being "a' cordadh ri" (root: cord), which according to my dictionary literally means "agreeing (with)". Some examples:

Tha an lite a' cordadh rium: I like porridge (porridge is agreeing with me).
Bithidh sin a' cordadh rinn: We'll like that
Bha snàmh a' cordadh riutha: They used to like swimming
An do chord e riut?: Did you enjoy it?

Note that, without the "ri" the verb becomes "agreeing", eg:

Tha sinn a' cordadh: We agree.

* I'm at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig this week on a Level 3 summer course.

Tuesday, July 12, 2005

I need you, I love you...

Today's wee snippet is on expressing need, love, and hate. Of course, Gaelic doesn't have verbs for "to love/need/hate", but instead you have to say that you've love/hate/need in you for something/somebody. The nouns for these are:

need: feum
love: gràdh*
hate: gràin*

So, for all you lurvebirds out there:

"Tha gràdh agam ort" - I love you. Literally, 'there is love at me on you'. Similarly:

"Tha gràdh agad orm" (you love me)
"Tha gràdh aig Effie air Dòmhnaill" (Effie loves Donald)
"Bha gràdh againn aig t-uisge beatha" (we used to love whiskey)

For the less romantic, 'need' is expressed similarly:

"A bheil feum agad orm?" (Do you need me?)
"An robh feum aig a' nighean bheag air pòg?" (Did the little girl need a kiss? Best be careful if asking that sort of question.)

And for those with anger in their hearts:

"Tha gràin agam ort" (I hate you)
"Tha gràin aig Murchadh oirre" (Murdo hates her)
"Nach robh gràin aig Susaidh air lite nuair a bha òg?" (Didn't Susie hate porridge when she was young?)

And so on. Tha sin gu leòr an-dràsta - tha an t-acras orm.

* Our teacher wrote "graidh" on the board, but the SMO online dictionary has love as "gràdh" with "gràidh" being the genitive form. She also wrote "grainn" on the board, but the dictionary has "gràin". This could be a spelling error - she admits to being no great shakes at the spelling - or a dialect thing, but she is a native speaker so in my mind overrules a dictionary.

PS: If in doubt about a phrase or word, I find it useful to search in Gaelic Google (link on right of this weblog) for it, to see if it occurs in natural language.

Monday, July 11, 2005

Tha mi a' toiseachadh...

I'm starting this weblog off whilst taking a summer short course in Gaelic at Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye, although I have been learning the lingo by distance on An Cùrsa Inntrigidh since September of 2004. It may seem to be gilding the lily, or putting myself through unnecessary torture, to be taking a course on top of what I'm already doing, but a) I really need the face-to-face practice, and b) it's a good excuse for a holiday up here, particularly with the Fèis an Eilein going on this week and next.

There are many questions that a casual reader of weblogs who comes across this might ask, not least "why the hell are you learning it?", which I hope to answer as time goes on. The main purpose of the weblog is to keep track of my learning, what I find hard/easy at a particular time, what strikes me about the language, and what it's like as a learner. I wish I'd done something similar when I started learning Italian back in '93 as now, having studied it for over a decade, I've just forgotten what it was like as a learner, and what things mystified/amazed/infuriated me about the language. It's like childhood in a sort of way - what you can remember about early years is patchy, and even what you do remember is likely to be wrong or distorted by the lens of time.

This is a level 3 course. That is, it takes the learner up to Level 3 in Gaelic, as defined by the standard course "Speaking our Language" (SOL). (The levels are defined on the Scottish National Mòd site, in the assessment section. ) I was planning to take the Level 4 course, which happens next week, but couldn't because I couldn't book my moggie into the local cattery (sigh), so 3 it is, which isn't so bad as it's a mix of revision and new stuff.

Gur e

Anyway, enough blether. Today's little linguistic snippet is how to mix the two verbs "to be" in the same sentence using "gur e". For instance, take the sentence:

"Tha mi ag ràdh gur e hamstair a th'annad."

Which translates as the common phrase:

"I'm saying that you're a hamster."

Note that the first part of the sentence uses the "tha" verb, and the second part the "is" form as "'s e". Why is this? Because the first part expresses a process, an activity - "tha mi ag ràdh" - whereas the second part is about identity - "hamstair a th'annad". Thus you need to use "gur e" rather than "gu bheil", as you would were both parts using the "tha" form. The phrase is a conjunction of the two statements:

"Tha mi ag ràdh."
"'S e hamstair a th'annad."

So the second part follows the same rule as any other "'S e" construction. If the second part were not about identity, then you'd be using the "tha" form, eg:

"Tha mi a' smaoineachadh gu bheil i ag ol uisge beatha." I think that she's drinking whiskey.

The negative of "gur e" is the same as in "'S e":

"Tha i ag ràdh nach e hamstair a th'annad."